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Parashat Nitzavim - Third Aliyah

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Torah Text (Nitzavim — Aliyah 3 of 7)

Read the biblical text and try to understand it on your own, before reading the commentary.

טו כִּי אַתֶּם יְדַעְתֶּם אֵת אֲשֶׁר יָשַׁבְנוּ בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם וְאֵת אֲשֶׁר עָבַרְנוּ בְּקֶרֶב הַגּוֹיִם אֲשֶׁר עֲבַרְתֶּם׃
29:15 ki atem yedatem et asher yashavnu be'eretz Mitzrayim ve'et asher avarnu bekerev hagoyim asher avartem
טז וַתִּרְאוּ אֶת שִׁקּוּצֵיהֶם וְאֵת גִּלֻּלֵיהֶם עֵץ וָאֶבֶן כֶּסֶף וְזָהָב אֲשֶׁר עִמָּהֶם׃
16 vatir'u et shikutzeihem ve'et giluleihem etz va'even kesef vezahav asher imahem
יז פֶּן יֵשׁ בָּכֶם אִישׁ אוֹ אִשָּׁה אוֹ מִשְׁפָּחָה אוֹ שֵׁבֶט אֲשֶׁר לְבָבוֹ פֹנֶה הַיּוֹם מֵעִם יְדוָד אֱלֹהֵינוּ לָלֶכֶת לַעֲבֹד אֶת אֱלֹהֵי הַגּוֹיִם הָהֵם פֶּן יֵשׁ בָּכֶם שֹׁרֶשׁ פֹּרֶה רֹאשׁ וְלַעֲנָה׃
17 pen yesh bakhem ish o ishah o mishpachah o shevet asher levavo foneh hayom me'im Adonai Eloheinu lalechet la'avod et Elohei hagoyim hahem pen yesh bakhem shoresh poreh rosh vela'anah
יח וְהָיָה בְּשָׁמְעוֹ אֶת דִּבְרֵי הָאָלָה הַזֹּאת וְהִתְבָּרֵךְ בִּלְבָבוֹ לֵאמֹר שָׁלוֹם יִהְיֶה לִּי כִּי בִּשְׁרִרוּת לִבִּי אֵלֵךְ לְמַעַן סְפוֹת הָרָוָה אֶת הַצְּמֵאָה׃
18 vehayah beshom'o et divrei ha'alah hazot vehitbarech bilvavo lemor shalom yihyeh li ki bishrirut libi elech lema'an sefot haravah et hatzme'ah
יט לֹא יֹאבֶה יְדוָד סְלֹחַ לוֹ כִּי אָז יֶעְשַׁן אַף יְדוָד וְקִנְאָתוֹ בָּאִישׁ הַהוּא וְרָבְצָה בּוֹ כָּל הָאָלָה הַכְּתוּבָה בַּסֵּפֶר הַזֶּה וּמָחָה יְדוָד אֶת שְׁמוֹ מִתַּחַת הַשָּׁמָיִם׃
19 lo yoveh Adonai selo'ach lo ki az ye'shan af Adonai vekin'ato ba'ish hahu veravtzah bo kol ha'alah haktuvah basefer hazeh umachah Adonai et shmo mitachat hashamayim
כ וְהִבְדִּילוֹ יְדוָד לְרָעָה מִכֹּל שִׁבְטֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל כְּכֹל אָלוֹת הַבְּרִית הַכְּתוּבָה בְּסֵפֶר הַתּוֹרָה הַזֶּה׃
20 vehivdilo Adonai lera'ah mikol shivtei Yisrael kechol alot habrit haktuvah besefer haTorah hazeh
כא וְאָמַר הַדּוֹר הָאַחֲרוֹן בְּנֵיכֶם אֲשֶׁר יָקוּמוּ מֵאַחֲרֵיכֶם וְהַנָּכְרִי אֲשֶׁר יָבֹא מֵאֶרֶץ רְחוֹקָה וְרָאוּ אֶת מַכּוֹת הָאָרֶץ הַהִוא וְאֶת תַּחֲלֻאֶיהָ אֲשֶׁר חִלָּה יְדוָד בָּהּ׃
21 ve'amar hador ha'acharon bneikhem asher yakumu me'achareichem vehanochri asher yavo me'eretz rechokah vera'u et makot ha'aretz hahi ve'et tachalu'eha asher chilah Adonai bah
כב גָּפְרִית וָמֶלַח שְׂרֵפָה כָל אַרְצָהּ לֹא תִזָּרַע וְלֹא תַצְמִחַ וְלֹא יַעֲלֶה בָהּ כָּל עֵשֶׂב כְּמַהְפֵּכַת סְדֹם וַעֲמֹרָה אַדְמָה (וצביים) [וּצְבוֹיִם] אֲשֶׁר הָפַךְ יְדוָד בְּאַפּוֹ וּבַחֲמָתוֹ׃
22 gofrit vamelach serefah chol artzah lo tizara velo tatzmi'ach velo ya'aleh vah kol esev kemahpechat Sedom va'Amorah Admah uTzvoyim asher hafakh Adonai be'apo uvachamato
כג וְאָמְרוּ כָּל הַגּוֹיִם עַל מֶה עָשָׂה יְדוָד כָּכָה לָאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת מֶה חֳרִי הָאַף הַגָּדוֹל הַזֶּה׃
23 ve'amru kol hagoyim al meh asah Adonai kachah la'aretz hazot meh chori ha'af hagadol hazeh
כד וְאָמְרוּ עַל אֲשֶׁר עָזְבוּ אֶת בְּרִית יְדוָד אֱלֹהֵי אֲבֹתָם אֲשֶׁר כָּרַת עִמָּם בְּהוֹצִיאוֹ אֹתָם מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם׃
24 ve'amru al asher azvu et brit Adonai Elohei avotam asher karat imam behotzi'o otam me'eretz Mitzrayim
כה וַיֵּלְכוּ וַיַּעַבְדוּ אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים וַיִּשְׁתַּחֲווּ לָהֶם אֱלֹהִים אֲשֶׁר לֹא יְדָעוּם וְלֹא חָלַק לָהֶם׃
25 vayelchu vaya'avdu Elohim acherim vayishtachavu lahem Elohim asher lo yeda'um velo chalak lahem
כו וַיִּחַר אַף יְדוָד בָּאָרֶץ הַהִוא לְהָבִיא עָלֶיהָ אֶת כָּל הַקְּלָלָה הַכְּתוּבָה בַּסֵּפֶר הַזֶּה׃
26 vayichar af Adonai ba'aretz hahi lehavi aleha et kol haklalah haktuvah basefer hazeh
כז וַיִּתְּשֵׁם יְדוָד מֵעַל אַדְמָתָם בְּאַף וּבְחֵמָה וּבְקֶצֶף גָּדוֹל וַיַּשְׁלִכֵם אֶל אֶרֶץ אַחֶרֶת כַּיּוֹם הַזֶּה׃
27 vayitshem Adonai me'al admatam be'af uvchemah uvketzef gadol vayashlichem el eretz acheret kayom hazeh
כח הַנִּסְתָּרֹת לַידוָד אֱלֹהֵינוּ וְהַנִּגְלֹת לָנוּ וּלְבָנֵינוּ עַד עוֹלָם לַעֲשׂוֹת אֶת כָּל דִּבְרֵי הַתּוֹרָה הַזֹּאת׃
28 hanistarot l'Adonai Eloheinu vehaniglot lanu ulvaneinu ad olam la'asot et kol divrei haTorah hazot

From a heart that turns away to a desolate land

The aliyah continues the standing of the covenant and turns the gaze toward the danger of idolatry. Moses reminds Israel that they know Egypt from close up, and the nations they passed among, and that they saw their idols of wood, stone, silver and gold. Precisely out of that familiarity comes the warning that there should not arise within Israel a man, a woman, a family or a tribe whose heart turns away from the service of God to the gods of those nations.

The Torah describes the danger as something that begins inside the heart. A person may hear the words of the covenant and still be reassured, thinking they can walk in the way they chose without bearing the consequences. The Torah warns that this attitude does not remain a private matter alone. It is like a root from which a bitter and poisonous reality can grow, and therefore the covenant treats it with great severity.

From here the aliyah moves from the individual to the national future. The Torah describes a later generation, and even a foreigner who will come from a distant land, who will see a stricken and desolate land and will ask how it came to such a state. The answer given is that abandoning the covenant of God and going after other gods brought about the breakdown of the bond with the land and exile from it.

The aliyah ends with a distinction between hidden things, which are not in a person’s hand, and the revealed things, which were given to Israel and to their children. Human responsibility focuses on what can be known, seen and done, and on keeping the words of the Torah that were given to the people.

Insights from the aliyah

The great danger begins in the heart

Before any outward act of idolatry is described, the Torah points to a heart that turns. At the level of the idea, a great change often begins in a small inner inclination that a person allows to settle in.

A small root can grow a large outcome

The image of a root that produces bitterness teaches that destructive processes do not always begin as a loud noise. Sometimes they begin almost without being seen, and only afterward does it become clear how deep they went.

The severe problem is false self confidence

The person described hears the warning but convinces themselves that everything will be fine. At the level of the idea, this is a particular danger: not a lack of knowledge, but knowledge accompanied by deliberate disregard.

A covenant is not a private matter alone

The aliyah begins with an individual or a family, but it moves quickly to the whole land and to the coming generations. This teaches that the choices of individuals can affect an entire culture once they become a method.

The coming generations will read our reality

The Torah describes a future generation that asks what happened here. At the level of the idea, every generation leaves behind a world that others will have to interpret. The question is not only what we receive from the past, but also what those who come after us will see.

There is a limit to human responsibility

Not everything is revealed to us and not everything is in our hands. The ending divides between the hidden and the revealed, and directs a person to focus on what was in fact handed to their responsibility: the deeds, the choices and the keeping of the way.

The revealed obligates action

The aliyah does not end in curiosity about what we do not know, but in what we do know and can do. This is a very practical message: instead of getting stuck on questions we have no access to, the responsibility is to act rightly within the domain that was handed to us.

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